Ka hoomakaukau ana o
Ma muli o ka ikaika loa o ka Calcium Metal, ua hana nui ʻia e ka electrolytic molten calcium chloride a i ʻole calcium hydroxide i ka wā ma mua. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ke ʻano nui o ka hana ʻana i ka Calcium Metal.
ʻO ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka alumini metala e hoʻemi i ka lime ma lalo o ka vacuum a me ka wela kiʻekiʻe, a laila hoʻoponopono i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka calcium.
Hoʻohana pinepine ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka limestone ma ke ʻano he mea maka, calcined calcium oxide a me ka pauka alumini ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻemi.
Hoʻohui like ʻia ka pauka calcium pulverized a me ka pauka alumini i kekahi ʻāpana, kaomi ʻia i loko o nā poloka, a hana ʻia ma lalo o 0.01 vacuum a me 1050-1200 â wela. Ka hana ʻana i ka mahu calcium a me ka alumina calcium.
ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālikelike: 6CaO 2Alâ3Ca 3CaOâ¢Al2O3
ʻO ka mahu calcium i hoʻemi ʻia e crystallize ma 750-400°C. A laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka calcium crystalline a hoʻolei ʻia ma lalo o ka pale o argon e loaʻa ai kahi ingot calcium paʻa.
ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka calcium i hana ʻia e ke ʻano hōʻemi ma kahi o 60%.
Ma muli o ka maʻalahi o kāna kaʻina ʻenehana, ʻo ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa ke ala nui no ka hana ʻana i ka calcium metala i nā makahiki i hala.
ʻO ka puhi ʻana ma lalo o nā kūlana maʻamau hiki ke maʻalahi i ka helu hoʻoheheʻe o ka calcium metala, no laila e hoʻoulu ai i ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka calcium metala.
ʻO ka electrolysis mua ke ʻano pili, i hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ma hope i ka electrolysis cathode wai.
Hoʻohana mua ʻia ka electrolysis contact e W. Rathenau i ka makahiki 1904. ʻO ka electrolyte i hoʻohana ʻia he hui ʻana o CaCl2 a me CaF2. Hoʻopili ʻia ka anode o ka cell electrolytic me ke kalapona e like me ka graphite, a ua hana ʻia ka cathode i ke kila.
E lana ana ka calcium ma ka ili o ka electrolyte a condenses ma ka cathode e pili ana me ka cathode kila. Ke holo nei ka electrolysis, piʻi ka cathode e like me ia, a hana ka calcium i ke koʻokoʻo kāloti ma ka cathode.
ʻO nā hemahema o ka hana ʻana o ka calcium ma ke ʻano hoʻopili: ʻo ka hoʻohana nui ʻana i nā mea maka, ka solubility kiʻekiʻe o ka Calcium Metal i ka electrolyte, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o kēia manawa, a me ka maikaʻi ʻole o ka huahana (ma kahi o 1% chlorine content).
Ke hoʻohana nei ke ʻano cathode wai i ka hui keleawe-calcium (loaʻa ka 10% -15% calcium) ma ke ʻano he cathode wai a me ka electrode graphite e like me ka anode. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka calcium electrolytically desorbed ma ka cathode.
Hana ʻia ka pūpū o ka cell electrolytic i ka hao. ʻO ka electrolyte kahi hui o CaCl2 a me KCI. Ua koho ʻia ke keleawe e like me ka hui ʻana o ka cathode wai no ka mea aia kahi ākea haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hoʻoheheʻe ʻāina i ka ʻāpana calcium kiʻekiʻe ma ka kiʻina o ka copper-calcium phase, a me ka copper-calcium alloy me kahi mea calcium o 60% -65. Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka % ma lalo o 700 °C.
I ka manawa like, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ke kaomi mahu o ke keleawe, maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka wā distillation. Eia kekahi, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe (2.1-2.2g / cm³) nā ʻāpana keleawe-calcium i loaʻa ka 60% -65% calcium, hiki ke hōʻoia i ka delamination maikaʻi me ka electrolyte. ʻAʻole pono ka nui o ka calcium i loko o ka alloy cathode ma mua o 62% -65%. ʻO ka pono o kēia manawa ma kahi o 70%. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o CaCl2 no ka kilo o ka calcium he 3.4-3.5 kilokani.
Hoʻopili ʻia ka pāpaʻi keleawe-calcium i hana ʻia e ka electrolysis i kēlā me kēia distillation ma lalo o nā kūlana o 0.01 Torr vacuum a me 750-800 â wela e wehe i nā mea haumia e like me ka potassium a me ka sodium.
A laila, lawe ʻia ka lua o ka distillation ma ka 1050-1100 ° C, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka calcium a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ka pahu distillation, a waiho ʻia ke koena keleawe (ʻo 10% -15% calcium) ma lalo o ka pahu. pahu a hoʻihoʻi ʻia i ka electrolyzer no ka hoʻohana ʻana.
ʻO ka calcium crystalline i lawe ʻia mai ka calcium ʻoihana me ka helu o 98% -99%. Inā emi ka nui o ka sodium a me ka magnesium i ka CaCl2 ma lalo o 0.15%, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ke keleawe-calcium alloy i hoʻokahi manawa no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka calcium metala me kahi maʻiʻo o ¥99%.
Hiki ke loaʻa ka calcium maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka calcium ʻoihana ma o ka distillation vacuum kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, mālama ʻia ka mahana distillation e 780-820 ° C, a ʻo ke degere vacuum ʻo 1 × 10-4. ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā chlorides i ka calcium.
Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka Nitride ma lalo o ka mahana distillation e hana i ka paʻakai pālua ma ke ʻano o CanCloNp. He haʻahaʻa ko kēia paʻakai paʻakai ʻelua a ʻaʻole hiki ke maʻalahi a noho i loko o ke koena distillation.
Ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā pūhui nitrogen a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana ma ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka huina o nā mea haumia chlorine, manganese, keleawe, hao, silicon, aluminika a me ka nickel i ka calcium i 1000-100ppm, a me ka calcium maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe o 99.9% -99.99%. hiki ke loaa.
Hoʻokuʻu ʻia a ʻōwili ʻia i loko o nā koʻokoʻo a me nā papa, a ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā pahu hau.
Wahi a nā ʻano hoʻomākaukau ʻekolu i luna, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he kaʻina hana ʻenehana maʻalahi ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa, hoʻopau i ka ikehu liʻiliʻi a hoʻopau i ka manawa liʻiliʻi, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi no ka hana ʻoihana ʻoihana.
No laila, ʻo ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa ke ala nui no ka hana ʻana i ka Calcium Metal i nā makahiki i hala iho nei.
